-part 4 - Oop- - Python 3- Deep Dive

In the previous parts of this series, we explored the basics of Python 3, including data types, control structures, and functions. In this article, we’ll take a deep dive into one of the most powerful features of Python: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). OOP is a programming paradigm that revolves around the concept of objects and classes, and it’s widely used in software development. What is Object-Oriented Programming? Object-Oriented Programming is a programming approach that simulates real-world objects and systems by creating objects that have properties and behaviors. In OOP, a program is designed as a collection of objects that interact with each other to achieve a specific goal.

Here’s an example of a simple class in Python:

An , on the other hand, is an instance of a class. It has its own set of attributes (data) and methods (functions) that are defined in the class. Python 3- Deep Dive -Part 4 - OOP-

class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age person = Person('John Doe', 30) print(person.name) # Output: John Doe print(person.age) # Output: 30 Inheritance is a mechanism that allows one class to inherit the properties and behaviors of another class. The class that inherits the properties is called the subclass or derived class , while the class being inherited is called the superclass or base class .

This car is a 2015 Toyota Corolla with 0 miles. This car is a 2015 Toyota Corolla with 100 miles. In Python, the __init__ method is a special method that’s called a constructor. It’s used to initialize the attributes of a class when an object is created. In the previous parts of this series, we

class Car: def __init__(self, brand, model, year): self.brand = brand self.model = model self.year = year self.mileage = 0 def drive(self, miles): self.mileage += miles def describe_car(self): print(f"This car is a {self.year} {self.brand} {self.model} with {self.mileage} miles.") In this example, Car is a class that has four attributes: brand , model , year , and mileage . It also has two methods: drive and describe_car . To create an object from a class, you use the class name followed by parentheses that contain the required arguments. Here’s how you can create a Car object:

Here’s an example of inheritance in Python: What is Object-Oriented Programming

The __init__ method is called automatically when an object is created from a class. Here’s an example: